| Natural-Gas Reciprocating Engine Generator | Approximately 50 kW to 10 MW per unit | About 30%–45%, depending on engine size, load, and operating conditions | Pipeline natural gas, compressed natural gas, and in some cases liquefied natural gas after vaporization | Fast start-up; generally strong part-load and load-following performance | High power density, modular installation, good operational flexibility, and broad service availability | Vibration, exhaust emissions, routine maintenance, and efficiency reduction at very low load | Commercial buildings, data centers, hospitals, industrial plants, microgrids, and standby or prime-power systems | Gas pressure and methane number, emissions limits, altitude, ambient temperature, noise, maintenance intervals, and required redundancy |
| Biogas or Landfill-Gas Engine Generator | Approximately 100 kW to 5 MW per unit | About 30%–42% electrical efficiency after appropriate gas conditioning | Biogas commonly containing approximately 50%–70% methane; landfill gas may have variable methane and contaminant levels | Moderate to fast response; performance depends heavily on stable gas flow and gas quality | Uses locally produced renewable gas and can reduce waste-gas flaring while providing dispatchable power | Hydrogen sulfide, moisture, siloxanes, particulates, and variable methane content can increase maintenance and reduce engine life | Wastewater treatment plants, agricultural digesters, food-processing sites, and landfill-energy projects | Gas cleaning system, siloxane and hydrogen-sulfide limits, moisture removal, methane concentration, flare or backup-gas arrangements, and local renewable-energy rules |
| Dual-Fuel Gas Generator | Approximately 1 MW to 20 MW per unit | About 35%–46% when operating mainly on gas, subject to engine design and load | Natural gas as the primary fuel with diesel or another liquid fuel available for backup or ignition support | Fast response and improved fuel-security flexibility; transfer behavior depends on the control system | Maintains power availability where gas supply may be interrupted and supports sites with limited gas infrastructure | Higher system complexity, liquid-fuel storage requirements, additional emissions controls, and more complicated maintenance | Remote facilities, critical infrastructure, industrial plants, islands, and regions with unreliable gas networks | Fuel-switching time, backup-fuel autonomy, storage regulations, emissions in each operating mode, black-start capability, and fuel-quality requirements |
| Industrial Gas Turbine Generator | Approximately 1 MW to more than 300 MW per unit | About 25%–40% in simple-cycle operation; higher system efficiency is possible when integrated with heat recovery or combined-cycle equipment | Pipeline natural gas, liquefied natural gas after vaporization, and selected treated gaseous fuels | Slower start and weaker part-load efficiency than reciprocating engines, although modern systems can provide flexible operation | Large continuous output, low vibration, compact footprint relative to power capacity, and suitability for high-temperature heat recovery | Performance is sensitive to ambient temperature and elevation; high-quality gas supply and specialized maintenance may be required | Utility-scale generation, large industrial sites, district-energy systems, and combined-cycle power plants | Annual operating hours, ambient derating, minimum stable load, ramp rate, exhaust-temperature needs, inlet filtration, fuel pressure, and heat-recovery requirements |
| Microturbine Generator | Approximately 30 kW to 500 kW per module; multiple modules can be paralleled | About 25%–33% electrical efficiency; total CHP efficiency can be substantially higher with useful heat recovery | Natural gas, biogas, and some treated low-pressure gaseous fuels, subject to the manufacturer’s fuel specifications | Generally smooth operation and good modular scalability; response is typically slower than a small reciprocating engine | Low vibration, compact packaging, relatively low routine maintenance, and useful high-temperature exhaust for heat recovery | Lower electrical efficiency at small scale, sensitivity to gas quality, and potentially higher cost per kilowatt | Hotels, retail facilities, telecommunications sites, small commercial buildings, and distributed-energy projects | Electrical-load profile, heat demand, gas pressure, fuel contaminants, acoustic requirements, inverter and grid-protection functions, and module redundancy |
| Gas Engine CHP Generator | Approximately 50 kW to 10 MW per engine; larger plants can use multiple units | About 35%–45% electrical efficiency; approximately 70%–90% total efficiency when recovered heat is effectively used | Natural gas, biogas, and other treated gaseous fuels compatible with the selected engine | Fast electrical response with continuous operation possible when both power and heat loads are well matched | High overall fuel utilization, lower purchased electricity and heating demand, and potential resilience during grid interruptions | Economic value declines when recovered heat cannot be used; requires thermal integration, heat exchangers, and additional controls | Hospitals, universities, food processing, district heating, greenhouses, hotels, and manufacturing facilities with steady heat demand | Hourly heat-to-power ratio, hot-water or steam temperature, seasonal heat demand, thermal storage, export rules, and backup heat arrangements |
| Containerized Gas Generator Set | Approximately 100 kW to several MW per containerized module | Typically similar to the enclosed engine or turbine technology used inside the package | Usually natural gas; biogas and dual-fuel configurations are available when the package includes suitable treatment and controls | Depends on the internal prime mover; factory integration can simplify deployment and commissioning | Fast site installation, weather protection, easier transport, modular expansion, and simplified project packaging | Transport dimensions, ventilation, acoustic control, fire protection, and service access may limit site choices | Temporary power, construction sites, remote communities, emergency power, mining, and modular microgrids | Container dimensions, lifting points, cooling performance, local fire codes, ventilation, noise limits, site elevation, and logistics route |