| 1 | Weld Neck Flange | Has a tapered hub and is butt-welded to the pipe; commonly selected for demanding pressure, temperature, or cyclic service. | Carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, duplex stainless steel | ASME B16.5; ASME B16.47 for specified large-diameter sizes; EN 1092-1 | Oil and gas, petrochemical processing, power generation, and high-pressure piping |
| 2 | Slip-On Flange | Fits over the pipe and is typically fillet-welded on the hub and bore sides; installation is straightforward. | Carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel | ASME B16.5; EN 1092-1 | Water treatment, general process piping, utilities, and lower-stress industrial services |
| 3 | Blind Flange | Solid flange with no bore, used to close a pipe end, valve opening, or pressure-vessel nozzle. | Carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel | ASME B16.5; ASME B16.47 for specified large-diameter sizes; EN 1092-1 | Pipeline isolation, pressure testing, maintenance access, and future system expansion |
| 4 | Socket Weld Flange | Pipe inserts into a recessed socket and is secured with a fillet weld; generally used for small-bore piping. | Carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel | ASME B16.5 | Small-diameter high-pressure lines, hydraulic systems, and process instrument connections |
| 5 | Threaded Flange | Connects to a pipe with matching threads, avoiding a field weld; thread form and compatibility must be specified. | Carbon steel, stainless steel, malleable or ductile iron where permitted by the design | ASME B16.5; thread specifications depend on the selected connection | Low-pressure utilities, fire-protection systems, and locations where welding is impractical |
| 6 | Lap Joint Flange | Used with a separate stub end; the flange can rotate for bolt-hole alignment and is not welded directly to the pipe. | Carbon steel or other suitable backing-flange material; corrosion-resistant stub-end material selected for the service | ASME B16.5; EN 1092-1 | Corrosive process lines, frequent dismantling, and systems where alignment flexibility is useful |
| 7 | Orifice Flange | Designed to hold an orifice plate and provide pressure-tap connections for differential-pressure flow measurement. | Carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel | ASME B16.36 | Flow measurement in oil and gas, chemical processing, refining, and power-plant piping |
| 8 | Plate Flange | Flat plate-style flange with a central bore; dimensions, facing, and welding details depend on the applicable specification. | Carbon steel, stainless steel | EN 1092-1, Type 01; other designs may be governed by project specifications | Water distribution, tanks, ducts, and general low- to medium-pressure services |
| 9 | Ring-Type Joint (RTJ) Facing Flange | Uses machined grooves and a metal ring gasket to form a pressure-resistant seal; the facing and gasket must be compatible. | Carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel | ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47, as applicable; ring-joint gasket details are covered by ASME B16.20 | High-pressure and high-temperature oil, gas, refining, and petrochemical service |
| 10 | Large-Diameter Flange | Flanges for larger pipe sizes require careful checks of dimensions, pressure class, facing, bolt pattern, and governing specification. | Carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel | ASME B16.47 for its covered size range; EN 1092-1 where specified | Large pipelines, water infrastructure, power plants, and industrial process headers |