| Chemical identity | Potassium nitrate; chemical formula KNO3; CAS No. 7757-79-1. | The product name, chemical formula, CAS number, and grade should match the purchase specification. | Confirm that the material is potassium nitrate rather than sodium nitrate or a blended fertilizer. |
| Alternative name | Saltpetre, also spelled saltpeter; the term commonly refers to potassium nitrate. | Use the formal chemical name in contracts, technical documents, and shipping papers. | The word “saltpetre” can be used commercially, but the exact chemical identity must be stated. |
| Molar mass | 101.10 g/mol. | Typically reported as part of the certificate of analysis or technical data sheet. | Useful for laboratory calculations, solution preparation, and process design. |
| Appearance | White crystalline solid or white granular powder; odorless under normal conditions. | Free-flowing granules or crystals with limited caking and controlled particle size. | Color, moisture, dust level, and particle-size distribution affect handling and application. |
| Elemental nutrient content | Approximately 13.86% nitrogen and 38.67% potassium by mass; equivalent to about 46% K2O in fertilizer labeling. | Fertilizer grade is commonly designated 13-0-46, subject to applicable regulations and testing. | A suitable choice where both nitrate nitrogen and potassium are required without adding chloride. |
| Water solubility | Approximately 31.6 g per 100 g of water at 20°C; solubility increases substantially as temperature rises. | High-solubility material for solution fertilizers, fertigation, and controlled industrial formulations. | Temperature-dependent solubility should be considered when preparing concentrated solutions. |
| Thermal behavior | Melting point is approximately 334°C; the material can decompose when strongly heated. | Store away from heat sources and avoid contamination with incompatible materials. | Do not use open flames or uncontrolled heating near the product. |
| Oxidizing properties | Potassium nitrate is classified as an oxidizing solid in transport regulations; it can intensify combustion of combustible materials. | Packaging, labeling, transport, and storage must comply with applicable dangerous-goods requirements. | Keep separate from fuels, oils, organic materials, reducing agents, acids, and other incompatible substances. |
| Agricultural use | Used as a chloride-free source of nitrate nitrogen and potassium for field crops, horticulture, greenhouse production, and fertigation. | Agricultural grade with declared nutrient analysis, low insoluble matter, and suitable granulation or solubility. | Application rate should be based on crop requirements, soil testing, and local fertilizer regulations. |
| Industrial and technical use | Used in heat-transfer and thermal-storage formulations, glass and ceramics processing, metal treatment, and laboratory work. | Technical grade with defined limits for moisture, insoluble matter, chloride, sulfate, and trace metals where required. | The required impurity profile depends on the final process and should be stated before quotation. |
| Quality documentation | A complete product file may include a certificate of analysis, safety data sheet, specification sheet, batch number, and origin statement. | Documents should identify assay, nutrient content, moisture, insoluble matter, particle size, packaging, and test methods. | Request a recent batch-specific certificate rather than relying only on a general brochure. |
| Packaging options | Common formats include moisture-resistant bags, woven sacks with liners, and flexible bulk containers. | Packaging should protect against moisture, contamination, mechanical damage, and accidental mixing. | Select bag size and pallet configuration according to storage conditions and transport method. |
| Supplier comparison criteria | Relevant criteria include specification consistency, traceability, production capacity, export experience, documentation, and regulatory compliance. | Compare suppliers using the same grade, quantity, Incoterm, packaging, inspection standard, and delivery schedule. | The lowest quoted price may not represent the lowest total cost after freight, testing, storage, and compliance expenses. |
| Storage conditions | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, protected from moisture and separated from combustible or incompatible materials. | Use sealed packaging, clean handling equipment, suitable stock rotation, and clear segregation controls. | Inspect bags for damage or moisture exposure before acceptance and use. |