| SFP / 1 Gb/s | 1 Gb/s | 850 nm multimode or 1310 nm single-mode Ethernet optics | Up to approximately 550 m over OM3 multimode fiber; up to approximately 10 km over single-mode fiber, depending on the variant | Duplex LC | Access networks, enterprise uplinks, storage, and legacy 1 Gb/s links | Broad deployment compatibility and economical link extension |
| SFP+ / 10 Gb/s | 10 Gb/s | 850 nm short-range multimode or 1310 nm long-range single-mode optics | Up to approximately 300 m over OM3 for short-range links; approximately 10 km for common long-range variants | Duplex LC | Server access, aggregation, campus backbones, and storage networks | Small form factor with a mature fiber and cabling ecosystem |
| SFP28 / 25 Gb/s | 25 Gb/s | 850 nm multimode or 1310 nm single-mode Ethernet optics | Up to approximately 70 m over OM3 or 100 m over OM4 for common short-range variants; approximately 10 km for long-range variants | Duplex LC or parallel-fiber connector, depending on the optical design | High-density server access and modern data-center leaf networks | Higher server-port bandwidth without the size of a four-lane module |
| QSFP+ / 40 Gb/s | 40 Gb/s | Four parallel 10 Gb/s lanes, commonly using 850 nm multimode optics | Up to approximately 100 m over OM3 or 150 m over OM4 for common short-range variants | MPO/MTP-style multifiber connector | Data-center spine-and-leaf links and switch interconnects | Aggregates multiple lanes in a compact, high-density package |
| QSFP28 / 100 Gb/s | 100 Gb/s | Four 25 Gb/s parallel lanes or four wavelength channels over single-mode fiber | Approximately 70 m over OM3 or 100 m over OM4 for short-range parallel optics; up to approximately 10 km for common single-mode variants | MPO/MTP for parallel optics or duplex LC for wavelength-multiplexed optics | High-capacity data-center spine, aggregation, and regional interconnection | Supports high throughput while preserving a widely deployed modular interface |
| QSFP-DD / 400 Gb/s | 400 Gb/s | Four 100 Gb/s or eight 50 Gb/s electrical lanes; parallel or wavelength-multiplexed optical designs | Common variants range from approximately 500 m to 10 km, depending on fiber type and optical design | MPO/MTP, duplex LC, or other multifiber connectors depending on the variant | Large-scale data-center fabrics, cloud infrastructure, and high-capacity aggregation | Very high port density with options for breakout into lower-rate links |
| Coherent Pluggable / 400 Gb/s | Up to 400 Gb/s | Coherent modulation with digital signal processing, polarization multiplexing, and wavelength tuning | Common data-center interconnect profiles support distances up to approximately 80 km, subject to fiber, power, and link-budget conditions | Typically duplex LC | Metro and data-center interconnect links | Extends high-capacity connectivity over metropolitan distances without a dedicated transponder shelf |